Humans 40,000 y ago developed a system of conventional signs | Hugonweb Annotated Link Bibliography

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2520385123

Bentz and Dutkiewicz analyze the statistical properties of geometric signs on >200>200 Central European artifacts. They find the complexity of the signs to be similar to that on the earliest protocuneiform tablets, but tens of thousands of years earlier.

See pictures and decoding below:

Photos, drawings, and decodings of the symbols on example artifacts