Humans 40,000 y ago developed a system of conventional signs | Hugonweb Annotated Link Bibliography
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2520385123
Bentz and Dutkiewicz analyze the statistical properties of geometric signs on Central European artifacts. They find the complexity of the signs to be similar to that on the earliest protocuneiform tablets, but tens of thousands of years earlier.
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